Thursday, November 30, 2006

The Unfinished Europe

The Unfinished Europe


Posted: August 21, 2006



So, after this Eastern European trip, I pretty much finished seeing all the countries in the mainland of this most complicated, intriguing , and culturally rich continent in the world. Or, have I?

There are actually still a few countries I haven't been to. I decided not to visit some of them due to complicated visa regulation, or just simply that "they were not on the way for me to get somewhere"...

Belarus (白俄羅斯): Unlike Ukraine, Belarus still requires entry visa from everybody who wants to travel there and it is expensive. And different from Ukraine, it is actually not a very interesting country (it is landlocked by the way). Last time I checked, I think it is $100 for a single entry visa to get into that country. When I was in Vilnius, Lithuania, it is merely 4 hours bus ride to Minsk. But, was it worth it to make a trip there? At least I didn't think so at that moment.

Moldova (and its breakaway Republic of Transdniester; 摩達維亞 及 外聶斯特共和國): Again, the visa requirement ($65 or $85) was the main issue that made me skip this country. I was already losing time by not able to get into Romania from Ukraine. Thus, I also did not have spare time to travel to this Romania's next door neighbor. I did see a bus that left for Chisinau (Moldovan capital) when I was at Lviv station. Unfortunately, without a proper visa, I could not just jump on that bus and head to Moldova. I heard they are repealing the visa regulation in April 2007. Hopefully...It should be fun to visit Europe's poorest country anyway (yes, Albania, you finally moved up from the No.1 at the bottom).

Transdniester is very tricky to visit. Though they claim everybody needs visa to enter that region, there is no way to apply for a Transdniester visa (no country in the world recognizes them, so there is no Transdniester consulate anywhere to apply entry visa, believe it or not!). So you are on the mercy of a border guard to decide how much "entry visa" they want you to pay when you get there...Maybe it is not a good time to visit it yet.

Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (馬其頓): Somewhat awkwardly sandwiched between Bulgaria and Albania. This country chose to build a diplomatic relationship with Taiwan and then later dumped us. Okay, I know they were practically forced at knife point by China. But I do still have some problems with their unfaithful behavior...

Kosovo (科索伏): Not really a country but somewhat de facto independent from Serbia already. Again, it is in a awkward geographical position for me to visit (can only get there from either Macedonia or Albania). There may not be too many things to see anyway (I heard the capital, Prishtina, is quite ugly).

San Marino (聖馬利諾), Luxemburg(盧森堡): Too small to locate them....just joking! But they are usually not "on the way" for me to travel to anyway.

Malta (馬爾他), Ireland (愛爾蘭), Iceland(冰島): Mmmm...they are not on the "mainland" of Europe, so...

both Cypruses (南北塞浦路斯): Are they even really in Europe (even the Southern Republic is in E.U. now)?



Wednesday, November 22, 2006

Part 30: The Grand Finale - What's Left of Me

What's Left of Me


Date: Wednesday, Aug 16, 2006
Place: Taipei, Taiwan



I was very sleepy when I boarded the flight from Bangkok to Taipei. I hardly had any sleep the night before, spending a lot of time channel surfing but watched the MTV Chinese channel through the night eventually (still showing too many Jolin Tsai videos in my view). Of course I fell asleep immediately after the plane took off.

Three hours later, the plane had already flown into Taiwan's territory. The island looked quite sunny today. The sky was blue and relatively cloudless. It was a good day to celebrate birthday.

Thinking back this whole trip, even though I just left Taiwan 6 weeks ago, it felt like six months. If I counted the Western Balkan trip before that, and the South American trip before that, it seemed that I had been traveled for 2 or 3 years.

After this Eastern Europe trip, I was several thousand dollars poorer and now a person without any camera. I also left with many extra stamps in my passport and numerous bitemarks on my feet (thanks to those bloodsuckers in Transylvania).

However, the most important thing is, what is left of me may not be much materially, but I actually feel wealthier in the invisible parts. After this trip, I start to believe again, a dream can come true. A missing passport could not stop it, a miserable interview could not abort it, even the theft of my precious could not erase the great memories of it.

Yes, it is a great gift for my grand 30 birthday and I was just in time for the celebration.


Next stop: Home.


Wednesday, November 15, 2006

Part 29: One Night in Bangkok Makes...

One Night in Bangkok Makes...


Date: Tuesday, Aug 15, 2006
Place: Bangkok, Thailand



I did not wake up until around 2 pm. However, it was still 10 am in Sofia, Bucharest, Athens, Lviv, Tallinn, Vilnius, and Riga; Okay, even based on European time, I was up a little late.

Earlier that morning, arriving at Bangkok International Airport before 6 am, I decided to stay in a hotel near the Airport, instead of one in Bangkok city center. Since I would have an early flight the next day back to Taipei, it was better for me to stay near the Airport. The traffic condition in Bangkok is usually horrific. A bus ride from the center to the Airport may turn into a 2-hours' agonizing ride.

Now I woke up at Asia Hotel Airport, which is located right above a suburban shopping mall, with a lot of mini-shops that sell IT products. I walked into an air-conditioned noodle shop to have some Thai rice noodle (those pictures in the front made my mouth watering). However, I could not even decipher a bit of the menu. With those bean-sprout like alphabets, it looks far more difficult than either Ukrainian or Greek. I had to point to the pictures at front desk to show what I wanted. The waitress looked puzzled. I tried to use some very simple English (Sorry that I cannot say anything in Thai except "thank you" and Sawadeeka!) but she still looked confused. Eventually she realized that I am not Thai and I was not able to understand her. She went around to locate any co-worker who could speak any bit of English. It is a familiar scenario for me in the past few months.

Well, I was still traveling. And yes, I was still in a foreign country where I cannot understand their language (or even their alphabet). But this time it was somewhat different, people around me actually had no idea that I am a foreigner. For them, I look just like one of them.

I was not home yet but now feeling closer to home.

I did not plan much to do in my one-night stay in Bangkok. I was here two years ago for a conference and stayed for more than a week. I pretty much saw most major sights here. I just wanted to go to Kao San Road to have some bargain hunting, and to have some spicy drunken noodles afterwards.

Two years ago, I did walk around Kao San Road and found some interesting things. I did not buy anything. Two years and nearly 30 countries later, I realized how cheap things in Bangkok are. Many things here are even cheaper than in countries actually poorer than Thailand (Guatemala, Romania, just to name a few). I wanted to collect some travel related products. (and maybe some fake ID but I eventually decided that was a bad idea). I bought the national flag patches of the countries I traveled to in the past few years. Too bad that they don't have flags of Albania and Montenegro.

On my way walking to Hua Lamphong railway station, I ran into 3 French backpackers. It seemed they were lost. They inquired if I speak English. "Yes, but I am not a local." But since I was in Bangkok before, I was able to help them decipher the map. It turned out they were traveling around Thailand and this was their first trip to Asia. They were heading to Chiang Mai, so Hua Lamphong should also be the direction they headed to.

After saying goodbye to them at the train station, I headed to the subway station just beneath. I used to envy those foreign backpackers who can put their life on their back and traveled to almost wherever they want to go. They bring as little as possible and make their itinerary flexible. That used to be one of my biggest dreams in my life. However, I did not have that kind of freedom, I did not have a passport that can facilitate me entering many countries easily, and no, I just did not have that much time.

But no, I am no longer jealous of them. Not anymore.

After the trip I just completed, I know I am now one of them.



Friday, November 10, 2006

Part 28: The End of Second Balkan Trip

End of the Second Balkan Trip


Date: Monday, Aug 14, 2006
Place: Athens, Greece



Due to the unpleasant experience and loss of property on the train D381 from Krakow to Sighisoara, I no longer feel safe to take an overnight train in Eastern Europe. From Sofia to Athens by train, it is a very long train ride, maybe more than 12 hours. Also, I would have to change train in Thessaloniki, Greece's second largest city in the North. To save time, I would need to take an overnight train from Sofia to Thessaloniki, but I didn't want to take overnight train...

So I bought an one-way ticket on Aegean Air from Sofia to Athens. With a cost more than 100 Euro, it may be more than the total amounts I spent in my 2 and 1/2 days in Bulgaria (:( But at least that afforded me more time to see Bulgaria and also have better sense of security by flying.

Compared to Greece's notorious national airline, Olimpics (which I heard the service is very unfriendly), Aegean seems a "boutique airline" like AirBerlin. The seat is comfortable and they even offered two (small) sandwiches on an one and an half hours' flight!
I did not go into the city of Athens after my arrival. I have seen enough of Athens by now. Since there are still many Greek islands I would like to explore in the future, I know I will still have opportunities to come back I guess.

After more than 4 hours' wait and wandering around in the Airport, I finally boarded the Thai flight to Bangkok.

Saying farewell to the Continent I like to travel to most, I know I will be back. Maybe to another different (set of) country(ies). Very soon, I think.



Monday, November 6, 2006

Part 27: The Byzantine Glory - Sofia, Bulgaria

The Byzantine Glory


Date: Sunday, Aug 13, 2006
Place: Sofia, Bulgaria



After having another sumptuous breakfast at Hiker's Hostel, I packed my stuff and headed to my final destination in Eastern Europe.
It was only 3 hours' bus from Veliko Tarnovo to the capital of Bulgaria: Sofia.

Using Skype, the staff at Hiker's Hostel had already help me book a bed at Hostel Mostel (http://hostelmostel.com/index.html) in Sofia. Just following the instruction from the hostel's booklet, I took a tram from bus station to Sofia city center.

Though it is a capital city and has more than 1 million residents, Sofia felt smaller than I expected. Maybe because it was Sunday, there was not that much traffic on the main streets, Boulevard Mariya Luiza and Boulevard Vitosha. Hostel Mostel lies just 2 to 3 blocks from Boulevard Vitosha and an easy walk to most of the interesting sites in the Center. When I checked in, I was told that not only breakfast and internet access are included, at 7 pm everyday, they also serve a free beer and a portion of pasta (!). Yes, it is also 10 Euro per night, like Hiker's Hostel and most other hostels in Bulgaria.

Since I would fly to Athens to catch my intercontinental flight next morning, I only had an afternoon to see Sofia. While Hostel Mostel does organize trips to Rila Monastery, the greatest Orthodox monastery in Bulgaria, I did not have enough time to do that. The trip usually takes a whole day and leaves in the mid-morning. Again, maybe next time...

Fortunately, it is not difficult to finish all the sights in town in a few hours. Sofia is a quite walkable city and many sights are no more than 10 minutes' walk from each others.

I walked south along Boulevard Vitosha, to see the National Palace of Culture. It was built to celebrate Bulgaria's 1300 birthday in 1981. Now it houses several restaurants, cinemas, and concert halls. Its origin and function are quite similar to the Palace of Culture in Warsaw. However, this "palace" looks very bland and not even half as interesting as its counterpart in Warsaw. However, the park surrounding the Palace is nice and joyful. In addition, ice cream from the parlor just outside of the Palace is tasty (0.5 Euro).

Because Bulgaria has traditionally been an Orthodox Christian country (which is in line with the Byzantine heritage centered in Constantinpole, today's Istanbul), there are a lot of beautiful orthodox churches all over town. Aside from Orthodox Christians, with 12% of its population Turkish, there is also a sizable Muslim population. One 500-year old mosque, Banya Boshi Mosque, lies just north of the center and across the street from fancy TSUM Department store. Not far away, behind the central Market Hall, is Sofia's grand Synagogue. Though allied with Nazi Germany in the World war II (Bulgaria has been historically always allied themselves with the wrong sides, really), Bulgaria actually was one of few countries protecting their Jewish population (at least within their border) being slaughtered in Holocaust. Though many Bulgarian Jews emigrated to Israel after the communist regime took over, some of their cultural heritage survived. It is interesting to visit a place with complicated heritage like this. And unlike Sarajevo, another multi-cultured city, ethnic and religious differences never seem to evolve into a unrepressable mutual hatred here.

Of course, most of Bulgaria's grand past is associated with its Byzantine connection, mainly the multi-domed Orthodox churches. Among all the churches, the most famous one is definitely Alexander Nevsky Cathedral. It was erected from 1904 to 1912 in memory of 200,000 Russians who fought alongside Bulgarians for its independence in 1878. It is possibly the most popular tourist site in Sofia. At its middle, a huge gold dome that is surrounded by several lower emerald-colored domes. Inside, more than 400 frescoes were contributed by artists from Bulgaria and Russia. When I was inside, a choir started to sing their Sunday gospel.

Unfortunately, after I finished the Icon Museum in the crypt of Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, all other museums or churches had all closed. I walked to both Banya Boshi Mosque and the Synagogue (there is a Jewish museum in the synagogue) but could only see them from outside. Before I headed back to Hostel Mostel for its nightly beer/pasta feast, I walked into the Central Market Hall, just next to the Synagogue. It was clean and spacious. Both cooked food and raw ingredients are sold there. It looks like a smaller and less touristy version of the Grand Market Hall in Budapest, the first Eastern European city I visited this year back in May. However, unlike the one in Budapest, there were hardly any foreign tourists in this market hall.

Unlike Budapest, Sofia, or even the whole Bulgaria is still waiting to be discovered. There are still not as many foreign travelers as in other new E.U. members like Latvia, Estonia, and Poland. Compared to its mega-popular, super-touristy neighbors Greece and Turkey, Bulgaria still has that kind of feel like a bride forgotten right outside of a wedding chapel. But maybe no more. Just like Romania, Bulgaria is scheduled to enter E.U. in January, 2007. While some budget airlines, like Eastern Europe based SkyEurope and WizzAir start to fly to Sofia this year, tourists to Bulgaria started to change from trickle to bigger drops. This year, New York Times Travel Section named Bulgaria as one of "the destinations of 2006". The wait may be over and their time is almost here.



In Your Pocket Guide: Sofia

A NYT Article: Sofia, Bulgaria: An Ancient City That Wears Its History Well



Thursday, November 2, 2006

Part 26: A Welcomed Change of Mindset - Getting into Bulgaria

A Welcomed Change of Mindset


Date: Saturday, Aug 12, 2006
Place: Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria


When I stepped into my compartment on the train D499, it was nearly full. There were already 4 people in the 6-person compartment.
Later a small Japanese girl with a nosering came in. I found that I was the only person headed to Bulgaria. All other passengers would terminate their trip in Istanbul, Turkey. Bulgaria was a merely a transit country for them.

It takes nearly 19 hours to reach Istanbul from Bucharest, so this train wouldn't be in Istanbul until the next morning. Fortunately for me (a person no longer willing to take any overnight train in Eastern Europe), I would reach my destination, Veliko Tarnovo, by 8 pm. It should be just in time for dinner.

Except for a Turkish woman from Ankara, all other passengers in my compartment are backpackers from outside the Balkan Region. The Kiwi (New Zealand) woman sat across from me had been to Turkey before and this was her second trip. She loves Turkey quite a lot. Two British guys traveled all over Europe for their first "grand Eurotrip" like many other Western Europeans I ran into; the Japanese girl was quiet most of the time. When she spoke, we found out she actually lived in Denmark and also came down for her "grand Eurotrip." The Turkish woman did not speak much English but it was interesting to find out her mother is Romanian mother, and thus she speaks Romanian fluently and traveled between two countries regularly. Strangely, none of them really planned to spend much time in Bulgaria, a country sandwiched between Romania and Turkey.

Wow! After the unfortunate D381, at least the fun of train trip in Europe temporarily returned (This would also be my last rain ride in this European trip): meeting fellow backpackers and exchange travel tips, talking about what we have seen in the world and what we love most. The Kiwi woman even had a bottle of red wine and a lot of vegetarian snacks (I seemed to be the only one enjoying those snacks). She talked about her experience in Eastern Turkey and Republic of Georgia (no, don't expect there is any sign in English); while one of the Brits is history-major and used to travel on an overland trip (but not with Dragoman) across Africa, all the way from London to Cape Town (something I may do in the future). This was a nice group of people to spend a night with in a tight train compartment, but I had to get off somewhere in the midway.

After crossing the Danube and entering Bulgaria, the sky seemed to be bluer. There are few houses along the rail tracks after we left Ruse. Bulgaria is a less populous country than Romania. With those Cyrillic alphabets, it feels exotic again. We passed by many sunflower fields. Like those sunflower fields I remember when traveling in Spain, I started to feel I was back to the Mediterranean region again. Indeed, compared to other Eastern European countries, Bulgaria feels more of Mediterranean than Continental.

The train was one hour late when it arrived in Veliko Tarnovo (Delay seems a norm in this part of the world and I hope they would arrive in Istanbul by lunch time. :\). As I requested on Hiker's Hostel website (http://www.hikers-hostel.org/vt/), a driver did show up at the station to pick me up. Though it took me a little while (after listening to too many scary stories in Romania) to believe in him that he was really the representative sent by the Hostel. (Since he kept saying he came to pick up a traveler from Australia, well, now even I think I look like an Aussi!)

Veliko Tarnovo ("Велико Търново" in Bulgarian) was the ancient capital of Bulgaria (from 1185 to 1393). When Bulgaria finally declared independence from Turkey in 1879, they chose to write their first constitution here. Though no longer a major city like current capital Sofia, V. Tarnovo still holds a special place in Bulgarians' heart. Perched on the slopes above the crooked Yantra River Valley, there are many winding hilly streets with hundred-years old buildings. Though not very far from the town thoroughfare, Hikers Hostel is hidden in a hilly back alley. It is very difficult to locate for a first visitor. Fortunately there was the driver taking me all the way up there from the station.

Just as what "Let's East Europe" introduces, the terrace outside has a great panoramic view of the Tsarevets Fortress across the valley and mountains nearby. By the time Andrea, the driver, and I reached the Hostel, it was almost dark.

"You are lucky today." Andrea told me, "They have a free barbecue tonight."

I was assigned to a 12-bed room on the second floor. The space is quite tight and there is no locker. But the room is clean. Again, like other youth hostels in Eastern Europe, breakfast is included and Internet is free (there are two terminals). All this cost 10 Euro, a little less than the ones in Romania. There are also local beers for sale at the reception. Each cost 0.5 Euro.


View of the nearby mountains from the second floor terrace in at Hiker's Hostel



View of Tsarrevets Fortress from Hiker's Hostel. Look closer, the building on top of the hill is the Church of the Ascension.


Just like the barbeque I had back in my first night in Krakow, the atmosphere was great. I had opportunities to sample Bulgarian sausages and meatcakes and talking to travelers from all over the world. Aside from beer we purchased, the staff also brought out some Bulgarian red wine. Again, there were four Dutch guys traveling together, though less drunk than those four I ran into in Krakow (Do Dutch guys like to travel in the group of four? A good number to Ma-Jong!). Again, there are some Australians and Brits (and one Americans). And again, I was the only "yellow" person there (though one Australian guy seems to be half Asian)!

In many ways, Bulgaria was a welcome change from Romania. The weather was nicer and the hostel more comfortable. People seem to be more polite, speak better English, and (surprisingly) things are even cheaper. Veliko Tarnovo is a small place and there may not be many things to see. However, sensing that it is difficult to find such a comfy hostel with a good view and layback atmosphere , I decided to delay my trip to Sofia and stay in Veliko for another night.

The next days, all the Aussis and Dutches were gone and the hostel became very quiet. The breakfast was amazingly sumptuous, with a lot of cold cut meats and two types of juice. I spent quite a lot of time enjoying my breakfast and did not head out until after 11 am.
My first stop is the ancient Tsarevets Fortress (Хълмът Царевец, check this website if you CAN read Bulgarian¡Kat least they have good pictures of the Fortress), former home to many former Bulgarian tsars (沙皇). Most of the citadel was destroyed in the Turkish invasion, but a long stretch of the wall survived and several towers still stand til' this day. At the top of hill stand a beautiful church, Church of the Ascension, with a lot of beautiful Orthodox style frescoes (painted in 1981 when Bulgaria celebrated its 1300th birthday).

From the Church, there is a great panoramic view of Yantra River Valley down below.

Later I walked along the curved streets of Veliko and reached the National Revival Museum. I guess there were not too many visitors since the staff so happy to see me dropping in (entrance fee: 4 lv or 2 Euro). It houses items from Bulgarian National Revival Movement (in late 19th century when they fought for independence from Turkey). It even has the chamber where the first Bulgarian Parliament held it meeting and its constitution. However, with most documents only in Bulgarian, it didn't help too much for me to understand this country¡¦s struggle to gain its independence. However, pictures of some old stone houses all over Bulgaria are interesting to me.

After having a late lunch on the main street, I went to buy a new, disposable camera. After feeling miserable for more than a week after I lost my cherished camera, I finally decided I really needed to start taking pictures again. Now I am in such a lovely country, I should not leave my photo album blank.



This hilly street leads all the way up to the Hiker's Hostel. Some of the buildings look very historic.



A view from the main street.



Tuesday, October 31, 2006

Part 25: The No Longer Bitter End of the Danube - Leaving Romania

The No Longer Bitter End of the Danube


Date: Friday, Aug 11, 2006
Place: Danube Crossing to Bulgaria, Romania



In Robert Kaplan's "Balkan Ghosts", which I had read more than once before heading to Eastern Europe, the chapter about Romania is the most fascinating one (better than the one about former Yugoslavia, I have to say). Reading through, it seemed that Romania was a country completely traumatized and full of miserable and fucked up people, after so many years of poverty and dictatorships. The time of his visit was 1990, only half a year after Romanian people rose up in a very bloody revolution to overthrow the communist dictator, Nicolae Ceausescu. The wounds and scars after his 24 year tyranny (1965-1989) were still very fresh. Poverty was everywhere and people were pessimistic, resentful, and suspicious. It felt like a piece of Africa in Europe.

In another book I read, Bruce Benderson's "The Romanian," (Published in 2004) The author fell in love with a Romanian prostitute from Sibiu and moved to live with him in Bucharest in the summer of 2000. Due to the visa restriction to Romanians at that time, the author could not bring his lover to either U.S. or western European countries. He then intercut the modern history of Romania and how prolonged national poverty and incapable governments had made Romanian such a miserable and irresponsible people. In the book, Romania merely 6 years ago, though with enormous beauty and history, was still a quite dangerous and menacing place. It was a land full of despair, extortion, and suspicion. And yes, he did mention those ubiquitous stray dogs, including a bitch just could not stop barking at him near Piata Unirii.

Now it is 2006. Romania is less than five months away from their scheduled entrance to the most envied "clubs" in the world (if things do not go wrong). They no longer require entry visas to most European countries. The economic growth is healthy and average incomes have increased a lot. And a recent NYT editorial described that Romania is the only Eastern Europe country currently led by a reformed government while many other E.U. Eastern European countries have gone back to conservatism. In many ways, I was visiting a Romania that was becoming a different place from Kaplan’s, or even Benderson’s Romania.

After we were stamped at the border control in Giurgiu, we were technically "out of" Romania. However, only when the train passes the Danube River, we were officially out of Romanian territory. Danube is the natural border between Romania and its neighboring countries.

Finally we reached Danube (多瑙河). Not only I, but everyone in my cabin, stood up from our seats and look at this great river as we were passing it. The mighty Danube! I had crossed this river several times over the years. Just a few months ago, I crossed Chain Bridge and Elizabeth Bridge in Budapest; later in the same week, I walked across the rebuilt bridges (destroyed by NATO in 1999) in Novi Sad and Belgrade, Serbia; in a cold winter afternoon, I walked across the UFO-like New Bridge in Bratislava, Slovakia. Tracing back many years ago, I even stayed in a hotel overlooking the Danube in Vienna; and in that same trip, I vaguely remember crossing a small stream in southern Germany and later found it is the upper stream of the Danube.

Yes, by summer of 2006, I had been to all four capitals the Danube flows through and even its upper stream. However, I had never been to its downstream. And definitely I have not yet visited where this great river empties into the sea. Being the natural border of Romania and Bulgaria, Danube flows further east and turns north in eastern Romania, forms a large delta, and empties into Black Sea. This is how the most important and influential river of Europe meets its end. Danube Delta is famous for bird-watching and fishing activities. Due to that my whole travel plan was messed up by my fiasco in Ukraine, and depression later resulted from my stolen cameras, I did not have chance traveling to the Danube Delta, to see where Danube ends.

Kaplan did travel where Danube ends in 1990. He took a barge to Sfantu Gheorghe, the small town on Black Sea shore where Danube’s south arm ends. He met a lot of weird and unpleasant people, most were alcoholic and grimly looking. Aptly, He named that section "The Danube’s bitter end," (『多瑙河的淒苦盡頭』) Coincidentally, the Chinese translation of Danube is the same pronunciation with "River of a lot of worries" (多瑙河 = 多惱河?)

Now, in this summer of 2006, as I was crossing Danube once again, I kept thinking: is the country where Danube ends still so bitter? Or the sense of misery and bitterness has finally subsided and is replaced by hopes and optimism? Looking at the ubiquitous E.U. flags alongside Romanian flags, maybe that symbolizes their hope for a better tomorrow. E.U. has already helped several members, such as Ireland, to become much wealthy countries. From this trip, I learned that Romania is still not an easy country to travel around. No matter how guidebooks or newspaper articles make it sounds like a chic and trendy new destination, there still are so many rough edges to be softened. But I think with the help from E.U., life will only improve in a long run.

So I think I will come back, after all. Maybe next year, maybe in a few years. And when next time I drop by, I will travel to the Delta, to see the Danube’s no longer bitter end.

We finished the 4 kilometers' Danube crossing and we were over land again. It is another country now. The train stopped at the platform of a quite large city. I was about to pass the custom of my last destination country of this Eastern Europe trip.



Friday, October 27, 2006

Part 24: Bucharest - The Most Avoided Capital in Eastern Europe

The Most Avoided Capital in Europe


Date: Friday, Aug 11, 2006
Place: Bucharest, Romania



By the sixth day in Romania, I had heard enough horror stories about Bucharest from fellow travelers.
One night, sitting at the dining table in Rolling Stone Hostel, people started to talk about the experiences they just had there (unlike me, they traveled northbound from southern Romania.) The stories unfolded like this:

1) Two Americans booked their hostel beds through hostelworld.com and paid 10% fee online, but surprised that Funky Chicken Hostel had overbooked when they arrived. It was already dark, but they had to head back to streets to find another hostel. They were surrounded by several Gypsy kids. With a lot bags and luggage on them, they found some of the bags¡¦ zippers had been opened. Fortunately, maybe the cops showed up or something, the kids suddenly flocked.

2) In Gara de Nord (the North Station), the same Americans encountered some ¡§helpful locals¡¨ who volunteered to take them to their train. Once they reached their wagon, the guy said he usually charged 25 Lei (7 Euro) for ¡§that type of service¡¨ (helping people find their train). With their tickets still in this guy¡¦s hand, they just paid the 25 Lei!

3) This one is the most scary: two Dutch guys walked out of the North Station, a guy approached them and said he was the representative sent by so-and-so youth hostel. Since these two Dutch guys happened to have reservation at the so-and-so hostel, they gladly left with this guy. They got on a taxi and the taxi took them to some vacant lot. The guy got off the taxi and asked them to bring their luggage and walk to the roadside with him. There was no house (or even something resembled a ¡§hostel¡¨) nearby and the Dutch guys only saw maybe 3 or 4 persons standing at the roadside waiting for them. The Dutch guys suddenly felt alert and worried that they may be beaten and robbed once they got to the roadside. They immediately ran back to the taxi, (maybe threw 50 Euro to the driver) and asked the driver to get off the lot as soon as possible. Wow, this started to sound like the movie "Hostel"!

Of course, many people I met in the Brasov hostel just simply avoided Bucharest all together. Some of them traveled only as far as Brasov in Romania (like those two Swedish girls I met); some of them headed directly to Black Sea resorts. Some planned to changed train in Bucharest (beware of the ¡§helpful locals¡¨!) but not even wanted to get out into the streets!

Is Bucharest so dangerous and undesirable?

"It sucks! It really sucks!" I remember three Irish girls told me.

"Mmm....I think we actually like it....maybe." After thinking for 20 seconds, an Austrian couple replied. They didn't sound too certain.

Opening Lonely Planet Romania, they makes Bucharest like a very fancy, newly trendy place: "Forget Prague, forget 
Budapest, because Bucharest is where travelers are heading. This is Eastern Europe's secret .. but it's about to get out. (p. 51)"(Well, this edition was published in 2004, is the "secret" out by now?). But in its "Dangers and Annoyances" section, it did remember to mention several scams: fake hostel reps (as the Dutch guys encountered), taxi drivers take you circling the town and charge you 10 times than normal (or maybe 200 times, depends on your lucks. I heard the record was 700 Euro for a half an hour ride!), fake tourist police (later a Kiwi traveler I met in Bulgaria said he did encounter one just right outside of Bucharest Gara de Nord), among others.

The book does not even mention pickpocketing kids and stray dogs until the later general info chapter.

Stray dogs? For all of you who are afraid of mean barking dogs, Romania is a hell for you. According to some estimates posted on Internet, in Bucharest alone, there may be 200,000 stray dogs. And a posting (not sure an urban myth or not) reported that a Japanese woman was mauled to death just last January. I like dogs but not those mean, big bitches that threaten me. Another negative point for Bucharest.

So here I am, even before I headed to Bucharest, I was already afraid and disliked that city. I have never heard a European capital so disliked like this. Moscow, Paris, and Athens all have their haters, but you also find quite a few of their admirers. I already had have my precious belonging stolen once and still in very vulnerable moods. Should I even go there? I was traveling alone, so there was no companion watching out for me.

However, my plan was to travel south into Bulgaria, so I had to change train in Bucharest's notorious Gara de Nord anyway.

Later I decided not to stay overnight in Bucharest (not able to trust the reservation system of Bucharest hostels anyway). However, I planned a layover of two hours, so I should still have (very little) time to walk out of the station and see how this city is like. Hopefully I wouldn¡¦t run into fake police threatening to see my wallet and passport.

So off, checking out of Rolling Stone, I headed to Bucharest. Maybe it was a good sign, unlike those crappy trains I had taken in the past few days, the train from Brasov to Bucharest is a new and modern one. It is practically like those I took in Western Europe, clean and spacious. This may be one of the trains CFR just purchased from Switzerland.

I got off at the Gara de Nord and found the train leaving for Bulgaria. It is actually the train heading all the way to Istanbul, Turkey ("Are you looking for the train to Istanbul?" a menacing guy next to the train bulletin asked. "No, thanks!" I lied and then walked away as fast as possible). I stored my luggage at the luggage storage service (at 6 Lei, since I had a longer stopover), taking a deep breathe, I headed into the mean streets of Bucharest.

If there is only one thing I want to see in Bucharest, it is Palace of Parliament (Casa Poporului, or House of the People). It is the second largest building in the world, only after Pentagon outside of Washington DC. It was built in the twilight years of Romanian communism, a grandiose pet project of Romania¡¦s tyrant Ceaucescu. The whole project cost 3.3 billion Euro and possibly consumed 80% of Romanian GDP at that time (while at the same time Romanians were starved, no wonder they rose up and killed Ceaucescus in 1989). To build it, one-sixth of Bucharest was bulldozed. Many old historic buildings were lost forever. Today, many rooms in the Palace of Parliament remain empty and it is largely underused. In many ways, it is the symbol of communist atrocities and egocentrism.

"It is morally incorrect to tour a place like this!¨ Someone told me in the Brasov hostel.

From Gara de Nord, I hopped on the metro (subway) to reach the Palace. Even the experience in taking Bucharest metro is quite depressing. There are only seven stops but it took almost 30 minutes.

The metro cars are almost all covered with graffiti. The graffiti actually block the view from inside, and thus people cannot even see which stations they just arrive at until the doors open. The stations are also dim-lit and not well-marked. If I didn't count it (7th stop, 7th stop...), I might have not known which station to get off. The train was slow and usually stayed in each station for too long.

I got out of Izvor station and arrived at the northside of the Palace. There is a large park right in front of the Palace but not many people walking or cycling around. The surrounding area is like an ¡§urban wasteland¡¨ as some article implies. North of the park at distance, there are some ugly old socialist-style buildings. Maybe because the weather was gloomy that day (the weather had been mostly miserable since I entered Romania), the whole neighborhood felt grime. I walked toward the Palace, saw its entrance and box office for sightseeing tour, but decided not to enter. I just wanted to walk around it and see it from outside.

Yes, it is a really monstrous building. Walking from its north entrance to its eastern entrance, it took at least 10 minutes. East of the building is B-dul Unirii (Union Boulevard), leading to Piata Unirii (Union Square). This boulevard was intentionally one meter wider than Champs Elysee in Paris and originally named "Boulevard of the Victory of Socialism." It's another example of Ceaucescu's grandiose vision. However, there are some beautiful fountains along the boulevard and some modern shops (though also many graffiti). This is no Champs Elysee, but it is also not as bad as I thought.

I did not have enough time to wander around for too long. After walking another kilometer or two, reaching the grand fountain at Piata Unirii, I saw another metro station (named "Piata Unirii" naturally). I knew I had to get on the metro and went to catch my train to Bulgaria. Bucharest¡¦s surviving historic quarter lies just north of Piata Unirii, but I did not have time to see it. Indeed, two hours' stopover was not really enough.

I went back to the Gara de Nord, picked up my backpack, bought some nice pastry from Fioretti Bakery. Looking around, this is actually a relatively nice and clean train station (you need to show your passports or train ticket to be allowed in, the way that the government to prevent homeless and beggars from entering the station). But it was time to leave.

I did not run into any fake policeman, menacing Gypsy kids, muggers, beggars, or even stray dogs that terrified me. However, I only stayed here for two hours, in this most avoided capital in Eastern Europe. I just touched the surface of this place. Yes, Bucharest felt grime and depressing, but I guess I will have to drop by again.

And I did, one year later, and then another visit 5 years later.

But these are other trips, I will need to tell them some other time.


You can read an interesting recent article in New York Times Travel Section here (but please, still be careful when traveling to this "newly Bohemian City":

Next Stop: Bucharest: A Checkered Past Adds Intrigue to a Bohemian City

Downloadable "In Your Pocket" Guide for Bucharest


Sunday, October 22, 2006

Part 23: Brasov - Krakow of Transylvania?

Krakow of Transylvania?


Date: Thursday, Aug 10, 2006
Place: Brasov (aka Krostadt), Romania



Finally I decided that I had stayed in one place long enough. With my camera or not, I had to get going. The journey just had to continue. So I packed my backpacks and checked out of Nathan's Villa.

It was only two hours train ride to reach Brasov, the main tourist center of Transylvania and possibly the touristiest city in Romania.
Again, the train is quite crappy and not very clean, but at least my cabin mates looked nice and normal (Unlike those I encountered on the train returning from Sibiu).

Taking the No. 4 Bus from the Train Station, I arrived at Piata Unirii (Union Square). There are two youth hostels near the Square.

When Lumi called for me on the morning I left, the famous one, Kismet Dao, was already full. So I opted for the second popular one: Rolling Stone Hostel.

Run by Maria and Grig Bolea, a couple seems to be quite famous among backpackers traveling in Romania, it received quite mixed opinions in hostelworld.com user reviews. Since this hostel is relatively new, it was not even in Lonely Planet (though it does mention the housing referral service of the Bolea family).

With three levels, Rolling Stone is more like a regular villa owned by a well-off middle class family than a hostel. The manager Diana (later I found she is Maria¡¦s daughter) was sometimes enthusiastic and sometimes inpatient. At first I was slight annoyed that she assumed that I understood very little English and kept repeating "do you understand me?"(later I ran into an Korean guy who really understood very LITTLE English, so I appreciate that Diana did try to be more helpful to us Asians). The public area is a little tight and it is even more crowded in the attic room I was assigned to. There are like 15 mattresses in the small attic! The first night I stayed there, it was so crowded in the public area and I did feel they put too many people in this small hostel.

Another surprise was that I ran into Magda and Jenni, the two Swedish college girls happened to get into the same cabin in my train to Romania right after I found my cameras were stolen. It is interesting to run into people who actually witnessed some of my most difficult moments.

Brasov itself is a nice city. Located in a narrow valley, with mountains on both sides, it sort of reminds me both Quito and Cuzco in South America (though it is not as high as these two cities, I needn¡¦t worry about altitude sickness). In the center of the town is Piata Sfatului. Maybe the finest square in Romania, it is lined with baroque facades and café, also a MacDonald¡¦s and KFC. Most of the time I passed by, there was at least one outdoor performance going on. Leading north from Piata Sfatului, Str Republicii (Republic Street) is a pedestrian promenade that is crowded with shops and café. Along the street, I found more than one Fioretti Bakery shops, a Romanian chain that sells various types of tasty pastry like mini-croissants.

South of Piata Sfatului, the Black Church is the main landmark of Brasov. It is said to be the largest Gothic church between Vienna and Istanbul. Again, like many other major towns in Transylvania, this grandest church in town is German Lutheran instead of Eastern Orthodox. (By the way, Brasov is another town among the ¡§Seven Fortresses,¡¨ with a German name Kronstadt). Black Church got its name from its appearance after a fire in 1689. It also has one of the nicest organs (built in Berlin in 1839) in Romania. I was lucky to have an opportunity to attend an organ recital, which is held on Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday every July and August (4 Lei). (For pictures and introduction about Black Church, click here, since I no longer had my camera at that moment.)

Just like what Lonely Planet describes, Brasov is "Prague of Romania" (or Krakow of Transylvania). There seems to be more trendy restaurants and bars here. Fortunately these places remain quite affordable. I went to Bella Muzica, a restaurant recommended by Let's Go. It is underground and like a wine-cellar. It supposed to be a Romanian-Hungarian-Mexican restaurant (fusion restaurant! A sign that this town is getting trendy and hip). Not only they offer free chip and a shot of palinca (Romanian plum brandy, which is quite strong), they let you to select music to play. When ABBA¡¦s ¡§Dancing Queen¡¨ was played, a German-speaking group at next table started to roll their eyes. I requested Sade¡¦s songs since I was in the mood of ¡§Smooth Operator.¡¨ With a main course, a soup, and a beer, I spent around 23 Lei (7.5 Euro).

I was supposed to stay in Brasov for only one night and then move on to the mountain resort town of Sinaia. Again, I was feeling vulnerable and not willing to move on too fast. So I stayed another night and ended up making a daytrip to Sinaia and returned to Brasov on the same day (Another crappy train ride in the evening). Fortunately, Rolling Stone was not as crowded as the first night. And eventually I started to enjoy its ¡§intimate¡¨ atmosphere. Because public area (living room and dining area) is not too big, it is easier to strike a conversation with another traveler sitting next to you. Also lucky for me, I was transferred to a nicer 6-bed room downstairs on my second night.

Eventually, I needed to move on. However, after staying in Brasov for a few days and heard stories from other backpackers, I started to feel unsure about my next destination, a place seems more menacing than any other places in Romania.


Brasov Website:

http://www.brasov.ro/indexeng.php3

A nice film about Romania I found on Rolling Stone Hostel website:
Romania: Simply Surprising


Friday, October 20, 2006

Part 22: A Piece of Dislocated Deutschland - Sibiu, Romania

A Piece of Dislocated Deutschland


Date: Monday, Aug 07, 2006
Place: Sibiu (aka Hermannstadt), Romania



After nearly raining all day the day before, the sun finally came out on Sunday. To try to cut cost, I moved out of the private house and moved into Nathan¡¦s Villa Hostel (35 Lei per night). In the afternoon, I joined an excursion to historic sites near Sighisoara.

The Tarnave plateau, which stretched between Sighisoara and Brasov, is traditionally known as Burzen Land. It is in the region that Saxon (German settlers in Romania) built settlement with bulky city walls and fortified churches, to defend Turkish invasion in 15th and 16th centuries. Some of these fortified churches are UNESCO designated world heritage sites.

Since public transportation is infrequent around the small villages near Sighisoara, I think it is wiser to pay some extra cash and join a local daytrip tour. The Eye Tour is led by a Dutch couple who had spent their summer vacation in Romania for the past 10 years. They eventually decided to purchase a cottage here and started their own business as a tour company. With the cost of 100 Lei, it is not really cheap. But at least, I didn¡¦t need to worry about the transportation issues. Also, our Dutch guides do speak Romanian fluently and knows local customs well.

We stopped at Biertan first, to see the largest fortified church in this region (yes, this is a UNESCO designated site). This 15-century church used to be the site of Lutheran bishop from 1572 to 1867. This is the only fortified church in the whole region that is still open and holds religious service (though the service is no longer frequent). In addition to a quite large organ, its most famous design is a wooden door with 19 locks. The most tricky part is, from outside, it seems to have only one lock. This lock won the first prize in 1900 Paris world expo.

After wandering in Biertan, our van stopped in another village to have some drinks at a local bar. The tour guide Marco chatted with us his experience living in this region. Then we continued our tour to visit a sheep farm.

The local shepherds still herd their sheep in a very traditional way. Most of them wear a type of cute and funny bow hats. In addition to showing us how the shepherd dogs move sheep skillfully to opposite sides of fences, the shepherds also demonstrated how they milk the sheep (those sheep milk mostly is used to produce cheese, which we were asked to sample). Through the interpretation by Marco, it seemed that the shepherds were especially interested in knowing more about me. I was the first visitor they had ever seen from Asia. Yes, it is special to be 'yellow' at this corner of Europe. They even suggested I could stay there longer as an 'intern shepherd.'

Well, thanks, but no, thanks!

Later we dropped by another village and chatted with some locals (through Marco¡¦s interpretation of course). We also learned some history of this region. Though most villages were established by Saxon Germans since medieval time, currently they are populated with only ethnic Romanians and Gypsy. Many Saxons emigrated to Germany in 1990s, after the Romanian communist regime collapsed and they became able to moved out. This region¡¦s Saxon population has almost been depleted in the past 15 years.

It just occurred to me that this whole region actually does not feel very authentically Romanian. From the building styles and the churches, it definitely feels more German. While majority of Romanians are East Orthodox Christians, most churches I saw so far are Lutheran churches (which is the denomination most Saxons belong to). The red-tiled roofs in this region resemble quite a bit with those I saw in towns along Romantisch Strasse (Romatic Road) in Germany years ago.

In many ways, Transylvania of the "Siebenbuergen" feels more like a dislocated part of Germany. The idea of visiting an unauthentic Romania started to make me regretting my early decision. I just kept thinking: if I have entered Romania from Ukraine, I would have been in Moldavia region first (instead of Transylvania). South Bucovina in Moldavia is known for its Orthodox painted monasteries (anther UNESCO site). Would it feel more authentically Romanian there?

I love Germany and have traveled to Berlin several times (and still cannot stop). However, it felt a little odd to come all the way to this East Orthodox country to see German styled houses and churches.

But I guess I had no extra time left to turn my trip north to visit South Bucovina. Now I only planned to continue south from Sighisoara. Ironically, maybe due to this region is more German than other parts of Romania, Transylvania is actually historically more affluent and advanced than other regions. This has made it easier for foreigners to travel around this region.

Of course, no place in Transylvania is more German than the city of Sibiu (German name: Hermannstadt, or Hermann¡¦s town). I even read that their current mayor, Johannis Klaus, is of German descents. Lonely Planet states "the city once again under German leadership."

On Monday, my fourth day in Sighisoara, I decided to travel to Sibiu on a daytrip. It is only about 2 hours away by a SUV-like Maxi-taxi.

Sibiu will be the cultural capital of Europe in 2007 (which just coincides with Romania¡¦s entry into European Union). So currently, the renovation work and reconstruction of many buildings was ongoing all over the city. Fortunately for me at the time of my visit, the renovation work in and around the main squares was mostly done, so I could appreciate the glory of its original beauty. The three interlocking squares, Piata Mare, Piata Mirca, and Piata Huet, have some very handsome baroque and neo-classic buildings. Climbing up to the top of Council Tower (1 Lei), I had a quite nice panoramic view of the whole Sibiu old town. Its sea of red-tiled roofs were currently being cleaned and should look polished by 2007.

One special building style in Sibiu is that many houses sport eyeball-looking windows popping out of their red-titled roofs. That looks sort of spooky and made me feel that somebody¡¦s watching me...

Just as many books I read recently about Romania (Robert Kaplan's "Balkan Ghosts" and Benderson¡¦s "The Romanian" among two of them), Sibiu is usually considered the most pleasant city in Romania. Many people here speak English quite well and the streets are clean. And as 2007 approaches, it should only get better. Many descendants of its original founders may have left for the better job opportunities in Germany, but their legacy remains.

Thinking about it, all these history actually make Transylvania a really fascinating region. Beyond the myth of Dracula, werewolves, and other horror fiction figures, real-life Transylvania is a multicultural melting pot with both modern and some traditional lifestyle. Romanians, Hungarians, Germans, and Gypsy all have their influence on this land, under the backdrop of magnificent Carpathian mountains.



Get more information about Sibiu 2007 Cultural Capital of Europe at: http://www.sibiu2007.ro/

Thursday, October 19, 2006

Part 21: Where Dracula was Born - Sighisoara, Romania

Where Dracula Was Born


Date: Sunday, Aug 06, 2006
Place: Sighisoara (aka Schassburg), Romania


I did not wake up until almost 1 pm the next day. Oop!

Of course, I still hadn・t got over it. I still could not get over that fact that, I just lost my camera and DV, together with the memory card with hundreds of pictures (and the memories they represents), merely a day ago.

I really needed a few more days・ rest before I could move on to continue my journey.

Now I was in Sighisoara, a city near the geographical center of Romania. With only about 36,000 people, it cannot even be called a :city.; However, tourists flood here mainly for one attraction, it was where the world・s most famous vampire, :Count Dracula was born.

To begin with, "Dracula" is actually a literature myth. It is a figure created by Anglo-Irish writer Bram Stoker (who had never set his feet in Romania but only conducted his research in the British Museum) in his 1897 horror fiction :Dracula.; ( for those of us who are much younger than that fiction, it later was adapted into a very bad and campy movie :Dracula; by Francis Coppola, featuring beautiful but wooden Keanu Reeve and Wynona Ryder, a young Monica Bellucci as cameo, and Gary Oldman dressed as a Chinese old lady). Stoker based his figure on a real-life historic figure, the Prince Vlad :the impaler; Tepes (for more of this person・s historic background, click this link: http://www.donlinke.com/drakula/vlad.htm). Though Vlad Tepes was very cruel, there was no evidence that he actually was a vampire and sucked blood. However, the Dracula myth has been going on for years and in many ways it has been helping Romania to rake in tons of tourist money.

That afternoon, slightly recovered from hangover, I spent some time walking around the old walled citadel of Sighisoara (again, this whole walled-city is a UNESCO-designated site). It is that type of place that seems hasn't changed a bit in the past 600 years.
From the Piata Hermann Oberth at the commercial center (where the disco :No Name; is located), there is a curved covered steps leading up into the old center. The second gate at the top of the steps lies right underneath the famous Clock Tower (Turnul cu Ceas).

Looking up to the Tower, there are some cute slowly revolving figurines in the giant Clock. Entering the Tower, it is Sighisoara's History Museum. Though not a museum with great exhibition (they do have English and even German subtitles), the view from the top of the Tower is wonderful.

Walking toward the main Square, Piata Cetatii, I passed by the "Casa Dracula," the house of Dracula. Yes, it is really the house where Vlad Tepes was born (in 1431). Now it houses an expensive restaurant, with a tacky and cartoon-like vampire figure standing at the entrance. I was so amused by the funny vampire figure and wanted to take out of my camera to shoot. Then I realized that I no longer had a camera.

Piata Cetatii is small but quite touristy. Most of the Square is now occupied by chairs and tables of the restaurants and coffeehouses nearby. I had a simple lunch at the Café International and Family Center (http://www.veritas.ro/house.htm , which offers largely vegetarian meals, yeah!), on the north side of the Square. I was glad that most of the staff speaks English quite well. The vegi panini sandwich (5 Lei) was delicious. Then I continued my sightseeing.

Turning south from Piata Cetatii, leading up Str. Scolii, it is the Scara Acoperita (Covered stairway). Its 172 steps lead all the way up to another hill higher up. However, due to that it is covered, I found the stairway a little too dark at some points. On top of the hill, it is a Lutheran church, called :Church on the Hill; (Biserica din Deal), and behind the Church, an enormous German cemetery.

Both the church and the cemetery remind me the legacy of German immigrants in Transylvania. Called "Saxons" by local Romanians, Germans from Rhineland (which is not near the province of Saxon at all) started to relocate to this region in 12th century. They founded seven towns and thus gave Transylvania its German name: Siebenbuergen (:seven fortresses). Checking my Lonely Planet information, I was not surprised to find that almost all the most famous Transylvanian towns are one of those :seven fortresses.; Sighisoara, with a German name Schaessburg, thus has a large Lutheran church and a cemetery buried with most Germans.

Walking into the cemetery, it started to rain. I usually do not like to stroll in a cemetery, My cultural upbringing always tells me it is a not good thing to walk in a cemetery (some Taiwanese superstition about ghosts and unclean spirits). However, I vaguely remember that Sabina from Milan Kundera's classics "The Unbearable Lightness of Being" does enjoy walking in cemeteries. Because she feels it is so quaint and so purified in senses that strolling there actually helps her to be more introspective, It helps her to think about a lot of issues about in life, and after life.

The rain started to pour. Aside from two people I saw earlier near the entrance, I did not see another person around. This cemetery is huge but also well-maintained. It is actually quite nice in there, so I just walked downhills to see the lower part of it.

Walking in cemeteries helps Sabina to think about many things more clearly. Can it do the same for me? It just came to me that I should have NOT lost my camera. I had already had bad feeling the night before I boarded, so why didn't I tie my bag tightly all through my trip? Or at least, why didn't I think about taking the memory card out, just in case?

I started to feel a very strong sense of helplessness. Just like what have happened in the past 18 months, no matter how hard I tried, I still could not prevent bad things keep happening. Just like, actually, what have happened in the past 14 years...no matter what...
The rain kept falling down, then I started to cry.



Tuesday, October 17, 2006

Part 20: Into the Wild Transylvanian Night

Into the Wild Transylvanian Night


Date: Saturday, Aug 05, 2006
Place: Sighisoara, Romania


Continuing my trip with a broken heart, I finally entered Romania, a country I had been trying so desperately to get to but couldn¡¦t in the past week.

Good thing is that, I finally exited Hungary, now a country that will forever link to the memory of my stolen camera and digital camcorder.

I took out my "Lonely Planet Romania" from the backpack. This was the only single country guide (sort of, it actually includes Republic of Moldova info too) I brought for this trip. All others I had are multiple country guides like "Let's Go East Europe" and "Lonely Planet Western Balkan." Yes, I really did plan to spend more time in Romania than in other countries.
The train stopped at the border area for quite awhile, later moved forward, then it stopped again. This was going on for more than an hour (which caused further delay for my arrival). Finally it started moving fast forward again, and traveling from Western Crisana region into the Transylvanian Region. After entering Transylvania, the scenery started to morph from monotonous flat plain into rolling hills. We were getting into the Carpathian mountain.

Romania is scheduled to enter European Union (E.U.) on January 1st, 2007 (Together with Bulgaria). However, some issues that E.U. still has may force the entry date back to 2008. Interestingly, I was surprised to see that E.U. flags are flown everywhere, every station we passed by, as if Romania is already in E.U. They must be very, very proud that they are almost (almost, but not yet) the part of this prestigious club. However, the two Swedish girls in my compartment did have some doubts about Romania¡¦s qualification. To be diplomatic, they did not delineate further.

When the Polish student got off at Simeria, he was already more than one hour late for his scheduled arrival time. At 8:20pm, one and an half hours late, the train finally pulled into my first destination in Romania, Sighisoara. Due to that there is no announcement on the Hungarian-Romanian train, I had to pay close attention to which station we were at. Worse still, ours is the last car in the whole train (now there were 10 cars on this train), the train was not even inside the platform to enable me to see which station we just arrived. The little stream and a beautiful medieval clock tower on a hill across the river indicated I just arrived at Sighisoara. Quite a few backpackers got off at this station. I said goodbye to the two Swedish girls and jump off the train.

It is such a small and basic station. There was no tourist info kiosk around (I heard it is difficult to find that in Romania). Fortunately with the good map on Lonely Planet, I found my way to the nearest youth hostel, Nathan's Villa
(http://www.nathansvilla.com/sighisoara.html), but was surprised to find that they did not receive my reservation sent a day ago. I was referred to the private house next door. With the charge of 60 Romanian Lei (17.15 Euro, compared to Nathan's Villa 10 Euro per bed) for my own room and sleeping on a pullout sofa bed, I reluctantly accepted the offer. The owners do not speak any foreign language (well, I even tried both French and German) but they seem nice. Since Nathan¡¦s Villa did the referral, I was allowed to go there if I had any problem. I was also allowed to hang out at their lounge area if I would like.

Feeling extremely worn out (At that point, I hadn¡¦t had any decent sleep for two nights in a row) and depressed (just could not stop thinking of my stolen camera and memories), I should have gone to bed early after the accommodation issues had settled. However, when I heard there was a bar-hopping outing at Nathan¡¦s Villa that night, I just went along. Led by a local (Nathan¡¦s Villa manager, Lumi), I thought it would be nice to see what Romanian nightlife was like. And hopefully, some partying (and alcohol) could help me get over the loss I just experienced, at least for now.

Different from Krakow, in Sighisoara (or maybe the whole Romania), you seem to run into some more ¡§hardcore¡¨ backpackers. Many of them try to see only Romania and neighboring countries (Bulgaria or Serbia) but not the more popular destinations like Czech or Poland. And some of them just spend long time wandering wherever without a set plan or schedule. In my outing group, two English guys (judging on their looks, they should be in their forties, or even fifties) have been on the road for possibly almost a year; A cyclist from Belgium planned to just bike around Romania, and maybe in Ukraine, in his one-month vacation; A Scot just finished teaching English in a Romanian village and now traveling around. It is also interesting that there are fewer Australian travelers around (then I found out Romania is one of very few countries that requires Australians to apply entry visa).

We had a blast at a local nightclub called "No Name¨ In addition to some nightclub staples (yes, they played that Shakira song again, my hips don¡¦t lie when I heard that song), they also played some Spanish and (supposedly) Romanian dance music. Beer and mixed drinks here are cheap too. A huge bottle of beer (even imported ones like Beck and Heineken) usually is around 5 to 7 Lei.

After the nightclub closed, Lumi actually took us back to the hostel lounge to continue the party and to have even more drinks. The two English guys brought out several huge plastic (plastic?) bottle of Beck¡¦s beer and some local brand. Whoever even brought out Vodka and started mixing Screw Driver. The alcohol flowed freely and I ended up having too many drinks. Under normal condition, I would have watched out if I overdrink. Damn it! I just lost my precious camera and memory card, who give a damn about hangover tomorrow?

When I stumbled back to my bedroom next door, I remember that sun had almost come up. It was already tomorrow. The date (August 4th) when I had the worst train ride in life and lost my camera was now history.




Friday, October 13, 2006

Part 18: Back to Krakow!

Back to Krakow!


Date: Thursday, Aug 03, 2006
Place: Krakow, Poland


Due to the 8 hours wait at the border crossing, I did not arrive at Krakow until 1 pm (It was supposed to arrive at 6 am). It was so late, I had to give up my original plan about making a daytrip to mountain resort town of Zakopane.

Though I do love Krakow, I thought I had already overstayed there (I stayed for 5 days and 4 nights the week before). I was ready to move on. returning here by accident did not really get me excited at all.

I went to the window at the train station and reluctantly paid that 103 Euro for the ticket from Krakow to Sighisoara, Romania (considering the cost of living in Eastern Europe, a price like that is more than outrageous). No sleepers are available for this route, I was told. Only regular compartment seats are available (the types I hate most). I bought the ticket for the train 381.

Wandering around the streets of Krakow for one last time and having my last order of Polish Pirogies (now I started to hate these things), I went for some food shopping. The ride would last for almost 20 hours, so I did need enough food and drinks.

Arriving at the platform around 10 pm, I was about to board the worst train ride in my whole life.



Tuesday, October 10, 2006

Part 17: An Even Longer Wait (to Cross..)- Back to Poland

An Even Longer Wait


Date: Thursday, Aug 03, 2006
Place: Ukraine-Poland Border, Poland


Another overnight bus between Krakow and Lviv, just with opposite direction.

However, how could I imagine that it would take me 8 hours just to cross the border? I have traveled across the border between US and Canada and it is usually not very pleasant. Though mostly I have no problems to get into the US, some fellow passengers on my bus sometimes were grilled for more than 20 minutes. Thus, sometimes, it took as long as an hour for everyone on the bus to pass the custom and ready to go. It is sometimes quite unpleasant to travel across the land border from Canada to US.

However, this experience traveling from Ukraine to Poland surpassed all other unpleasant experience.

Exiting Ukraine shouldn't be that difficult but it took 2 hours. Some people had to fill some forms (look like a very long form) if they brought artwork out of the country. People also cannot bring too much money out of Ukraine (though I'm not sure what is the limit). But then, it shouldn't take 2 hours to process these forms and registration (there were only 2 people in our bus needs to fill out that form).

Then, getting into Poland is much worse. The lines towards the Polish custom was so slow that even a glacier may move faster. Overall, it took 6 hours to get into Poland. They checked every vehicle in such detail. It was lucky we were on a bus (so didn't need to drive). However, we did not really have a good sleep on that bus either.

I know now Poland is in E.U. and they hope to become part of Schengen District. Since now they are "the East Front" of the E.U., they have responsibility to guard the border, to prevent any unsavory people or things (drugs, weapons) flowing into the E.U land from their east neighbors. But, can they learn some efficiency management from their western neighbor?


Getting into Poland, another unfortunate day was in front of me.



Thursday, October 5, 2006

Part 16: Their Time Will Come - L'viv, Ukraine

Their Time Will Come


Date: Wednesday, Aug 02, 2006
Place: Lviv, Ukraine


Eventually I decided to return to Krakow. At least I know the sale clerks in Krakow Train Station do speak some English and I also remember there is a nightly train traveling from Krakow to Romania, stopping at several interesting towns in Transylvania and Bucharest (Romanian capital). Though that was the train I really did not want to get on when in Krakow. It cost around 100 Euro for a ticket from Krakow to Sighisoara, Romania and there is even no sleeper in those trains. Also, "Let's Go East Europe" has such warning in bold letter in its Poland chapter: do not under any circumstance take night trains. Yes, not only theft is rampant in those night trains (as I heard earlier in a hostel in Ljubljana), robbery and drugging fellow passengers also occur.

But I really wanted to go to Romania. If I am not confident to travel there through Ukraine, then I can only do that by traveling from Poland.

A very, very grave mistake, it turned out. And it eventually became the worst decision I made in this whole trip.
Let's get back to that in a later blog...

So I went to the bus station with the Ukrainian speaking Canadian woman and she helped me and her friend to purchase a ticket to Krakow. I would leave the next night. Things settled for now.

Still, I had 30 hours to see Lviv before I returned to Poland, so there was no pressure. I had some time to savor this relatively unknown Ukraine city.

More than a week ago, I was reading New York Times Travel Section in a Berlin Internet cafe. An article caught my attention, titled "Heritage Survives a Complicated Past in Lviv, Ukraine" (click to link to this article). This article makes Lviv seemingly a very friendly (compared to other parts of Ukraine) and sophisticated city. I was already contemplating traveling to Ukraine (though not certain yet at that point). After reading this article, I decided to go.

I walked into "Hotel George", hotel recommended by "Let's Go" and was also mentioned by the NYT article. It is actually cheaper than it looks, depending on what type of room you choose. It is more than 400 Ukraine hryvnya (HV) if you request a room with private bathroom (1$ = 5 HV). But I opted for a room with shared bath facility and the price went down to 145 HV, which is less than $30.
Hotel George is centrally located, right next to Pl. Mitskevycha and at the end of Lviv's major promenade, Prospekt Svobody (Freedom Avenue). Most sights in Lviv are within walking distance from here.

Since Lviv used to be ruled by Austrians, and the Poles, before it became a part of Soviet Republic of Ukraine, it does have some atmosphere more resembling Vienna and Krakow, than to Moscow. It seems that there are more Catholic churches than the Orthodox ones. Many of them are in Baroque and Rococco styles. I walked around the town and felt some fading glory of this lovely city. Unfortunately, many buildings seem in dire needs of renovation. Cracks in the pavement on its old cobblestoned streets makes walking around not as easy.

I walked into the Ploshcha Rynok (Old Market Square), supposedly the miniature version of Krakow's grand square and with a nice city hall in the center. Unfortunately, the city hall was completely under scaffolding and I could not even see the building. The whole square was being re-paved, so the outdoor cafe mentioned in the NYT article did not seem to exist anymore. I walked north to the Armenian Church, the oldest in Lviv. It looks nice from outside. However, it seemed closed for visitors that afternoon (even according to the guidebook, it should have been opened that day).

The next day, after checking out and storing my luggage (5 HV extra charge), I walked to the Open-Air Museum of Folk Architecture and Rural Life. It is a little remote and a long walk from the Center. I did take a few wrong turns before finding it. An interesting museum park with many delicate wooden structures from villages all over Ukraine. Some wooden churches are especially nice. What surprised me was that there were hardly any visitors in the Park. When I was hungry, I thought I could get some finger food and local beer from some museum workers dressed as village women (like what they have in Riga, Latvia). But no, there is not even a food stand inside.

After the village museum, I walked back to the Center and went to the National Museum on Prospekt Svobody. I was charged 14 HV (though the book said the entrance is 4 HV, was I overcharged as a foreigner?). It is a nice museum with a relatively small collection. There are some religious icons, impressionist paintings, paintings from Austrian period, and even paintings from modern artists, all of them are created by Ukrainian artists. Again, I found there are not too many visitors in this museum (maybe 10 or 12 in my one and an half stay there).

In the late afternoon, I walked up to the Old Castle Hill northeast of the Center. Almost all the people hanging out there are locals. I did not see any group of tourist-like people around. Interestingly, I found I was the only Asian person wherever I went (ran into only another Asian, also a tourist I think, outside of a church), but nobody even took a second look at me. On top of the Hill, a cross and a Ukrainian flag sit high up there. This may be as well the highest point in Lviv. I had a nice panoramic view of the whole city. I could even identify some famous churches by their magnificent steeples and spikes: Assumption Churches, Dominican Churches, and the Cathedral.

Before I headed to the bus station, I had some light snacks and cocktail at Dzyha Art Center, a gallery/cafe also was featured in the NYT article. They serve nice deserts and long list of mixed drinks, all with low prices. I did make sure that they have menu printed in English. And I was glad to find that even the waitress speaks fluent English. If only she works at the train ticket sale office...

Lviv indeed is a rough and undiscovered gem. There is hardly any foreign tourists around. Compared to Krakow (now flooded with tons of tourists in every budget and persuasion), or even newly popular Riga and Tallinn, Lviv is still so untouristy. Tourism infrascture still needs a lot of improvement at this point. I guess Lvivians hope their city can become "the next Krakow" and hope tourism can eventually brings in tons of money like what it does to Krakow (Krakow's 100 plus youth hostels must have employed many college students in the summer). Maybe renovating the City Hall and re-paving the Square is their first step to prepare this city for the upcoming tourist invasion. With Ukraine now relaxes its visa policy and more people come to this country, they know finally, their time will come.




Tuesday, October 3, 2006

Part 15: So Frustrated...Stuck in Ukraine?

So frustrated...stuck in Ukraine?


Date: Tuesday, Aug 01, 2006
Place: Lviv, Ukraine


So I had no way to make it to Romania from Ukraine.

My original plan is: after getting to Lviv (the largest city in Western Ukraine, near Polish border) and stay there for 2 days, I would take train from Lviv into Northeastern Romania. The main stop is Suceava, where there are several (again UNESCO-assigned) medieval painted monasteries in the region. Checking from several European train schedule sites (the most reliable one is the one from German Railway/Deutsch Bahn, www.bahn.de). I knew I might need to change train at Chernivtsi, to transfer to a train traveling from Moscow to Sofia (which traverses eastern part of Romania, including Suceava and Bucharest). What I did not realize was, how hard it is just to inquire train information in Ukraine, let alone buying the ticket I wanted!

No, this is not Poland, or even the Baltics, where many people in hospitality industry speak at least passable English.

Many things in Ukraine remain the old Soviet style: confusing and inefficient. First, the advance ticket in Ukraine is not sold in the train station, but in some office rather far away from the station. After I got to the office, I found it was hot and crowded. All the signs are only in Ukrainian, which is in Cyrillic alphabet. I do know most of the alphabet (though I don't speak either Ukrainian or Russian) but it took much longer to figure out which train goes where (the Cyrillic form of Krakow literally transfers into "Krakiv"?). Also, I could not figure out which window to go to either. What about the multi-lingual ticket vending machine? Sorry, this is not Germany. After waiting at Window 8 for 20 minutes, I was told to go to Window 1 for international ticket. This was practically done through the help of a young woman helping to translate because the sale clerk cannot speak any English. Then at Window 1, again I had some communication problems with the sale clerk. Fortunately, a Ukrainian speaking Canadian woman was there helping her friend to buy ticket and helped to translate for me. That was when the bad news came out: all the ticket from Lviv to Chernivtsi was sold out for the next day. Also, due to the limitation of their computer system, even after I make it to Chernivtsi, the ticket clerk cannot find out if there is seat on the train between Chernivtsi and Suceava, Romania. I have to buy that leg of the trip at Chernivtsi station. Sounds complicated, isn't it? And these were all communicated through a interpreter. The sale clerk said I can try to take a bus to Chernivtsi and find if there is seat on the train onward to Suceava. But she seemed very concerned how I can find my way there since I do not understand any Ukrainian or Russian...

Well, Lviv supposed to be the most westernized city and quite educated place in Ukraine. If I cannot even buy a ticket by myself here (have to rely on the kindness of strangers for interpretation), how can I buy a train or bus ticket in Chernivtsi, a town I did not even hear of before this week? Do I expect that there will be some nice English speaking and helpful fellow happens to be in the same queue as me?

That was the moment that I realized I really overestimated my ability to travel alone and independently in a former Eastern Bloc country like Ukraine, where most people do not speak any Western language at all and their alphabet is not even that readable. For a country like Ukraine, I should have joined a package tour group (like the way I traveled to Russia) instead of doing it all by myself.


Now I feel stuck.


Thursday, September 14, 2006

Part 14: A Really Long Wait to Cross the Border

A really long wait


Date: Tuesday, Aug 01, 2006
Place: Polish-Ukrainian Border, Ukraine



It took more than 2 hours to pass the Polish-Ukrainian border. Leaving Poland was relatively fast. No questions were asked. They took your passports, stamped it, and gave it back about 20 minutes later. It was getting into Ukraine that took a lot of time. The bus had parked in the custom area for more than 30 minutes before anybody came up to collect passports. However, it took more than an hour to get our passports. Most passengers just sat on the bus and did not walk around (This border area is no man's land so they do not welcome people just wandering around.)

I know Ukraine used to be just like Russia: most travelers from non-former USSR countries required visas to get in and it is full of hassle to apply the visa. Now the new Yuschenko government want to "looking west" and welcome more tourists into the country, so the visa requirement were repealed in 2005. Great decision! But, can they make it more efficient for travelers to pass through the border control. This is the longest time ever for me to get into a country.... :(




Wednesday, September 13, 2006

Part 13: Back to the (City of) Glory - Krakow, Poland

Back to the (City of) Glory


Date: Sunday, Jul 30, 2006
Place: Krakow, Poland



So I am back to Krakow again. Last time I visited it was in winter, 2 weeks before Christmas. The temperature was low (about minus 3) but the city still beautiful. And its Chrsitmas Market is full of fun. (seehttp://travel.saricie.com/Eurotrip_Winter/Krakow.htm for pictures)

Due to that last visit was short (and the day is even shorter, it turns dark around 3:45 pm in December), I did not travel to some outskirt attraction, like the Wieliczka Salt Mine, or the famous Auschwitz Concentration Camp.

Now this time, summer is in full swing when I arrived (and the sun usually doesn't go down until 9:30pm), so I hoped to see more of this city of glory.

Unlike last time that I stayed in a regular hotel (it cost only 47 US$ in December but cost more than $80 this summer), this time I stay in a youth hostel. Checking on both www.hostelz.com and www.hostelworld.com websites, I found there are dozens of youth hostels in this very touristed city and the number seems to increase every week. Checking on some reviews, I chose a very new hostel called "Good Bye Lenin" (http://www.goodbyelenin.pl/). I chose this place partly because it uses the name of one of my favorite movies.

Also, it is near the Kazimierz, a old Jewish neighborhood recently turning very trendy. Actually, this neighborhood has gone through a huge cultural revival after it was featured in Spielber's "Schindler's List."

Well, the hostel is in a nice single house (unlike many Eastern European hostels are located in an apartment building) and has a courtyard for sitting, drinking, and even barbecue (they did host a barbecue the first night I arrived). Strangely, there are very huge presence of Dutches: some of them got drunk quite often...Okay, I ended up in another party hostel...

Walking past the Main Market Square (Rynek Glowny) several times in my stay. I still remember this is the location where two Veronicas briefly encountered in Kielowski's 1991 masterpiece "The Double Life of Veronica." Krakow looked much quainter in that movie. It was from the time when Krakow wasn't discovered yet by mass tourism. Now Rynek Glowny is swarmed with tourists and most storefronts in the Square have long converted into expensive restaurants, coffeeshops, or souvenir stores.

I planned to stay three days here in Krakow. So two afternoons here I could travel out of town to see other famous sites in the outskirt area (both are UNESCO World Heritage Sites). I went to see Wieliczka Salt Mine (www.kopalnia.pl) on Friday afternoon. Deciding doing it myself, I was able to get there by a suburban train. However, it took awhile for me to find the entrance to the Mine and took me even longer to find a right bus back to Krakow. Charging 65 Zloty (16 Euro) for foreigners, it was not actually cheap to get in. After getting in, it is much cooler than above ground (which was great because there was still heat wave going on in Poland that afternoon). It is a little Disneyland like but at least the Salt Mine Cathedral is impressive. There is a wall cameo of "The Last Supper" and a sculpture of the late Pope John Paul II. And everything is made of salt rocks.

The next afternoon, I paid 99 zloty (and then I found I was overcharged!) to join a tour to get to Auschwitz, to see possibly the most (in)famous Nazi concentration camp in history. The experience definitely is depressing. Strangely, it started to rain midway through our tour. It did not only rain but was pouring. Since few of us actually brought umbrella with us, we had to brave the rain to finish the tour. By the time we finished Auschwitz II-Birkenau, I was soaking wet and felt quite miserable. It was eerie to compare to what people had been through right at this same site.

I also traveled to a suburban district of Krakow, called Nowa Huta ("New Steelwork" in Polish see http://www.nh.pl). It was one of only two full-scale Soviet planned communities ever realized, with blocks of monotonous buildings and large boulevards. It was actually nicer than I expected. The buildings are monotonous but not ugly (compared to those I saw in St. Petersburg, Russia). Also, there is quite a lot of green space around and a nice park. Ironically, the Central Square is renamed "Ronald Reagan Square." Yes, the communism has long dead, even in the heart of a Soviet-style community.

After staying in Krakow for more than 3 days, I thought it is really time for me to continue my trip. I did know the next countries I plan to travel to are more difficult to travel around. They are not as developed as Poland definitely (they are not even in E.U. yet) and somewhat feels a little scary to travel there. But the journey has to go on...

Next stop: Ukraine.


Downloadable "In Your Pocket: Krakow" Guide

Tuesday, September 12, 2006

Part 12: Heat Exhaustion in Warsaw, Poland

Heat Exhaustion in Warsaw


Date: Wednesday, Jul 26, 2006
Place: Warsaw, Poland



Now I know how hot it can turn out in Central Europe.

When I traveled in the Baltics, the weather was nice. The weather in Tallinn was especially cool. Though I did hear the heat wave in Western and Central Europe, I did not feel much about it. Until I reached Warsaw, Poland.

I stayed in a youth hostel called "Oki Doki" (http://www.okidoki.pl), which is a quite cool hostel (though the staff tends to act a little aloof). However, the room was feeling hotter and hotter and it got closer to the dusk.

The second day in Warsaw, I just did not feel well at all. I think the temperature was maybe 35 (Celsius) degree or higher that day. Whichever bus or tram I jumped on, there was no air-condition. What worse was, most of those buses have the windows sealed off or make them very difficult to open. That makes those buses like toasting ovens! After walking under the scorching sun and sitting in some "ovens" for two hours. I decided to head somewhere cooler. Why not a nice museum? At least from my experience in Taipei and New York, big museums usually have quite powerful air-condition. And it is nice to have these artworks around.

Not at the Poland's largest museum. The Polish National Museum (www.mnw.art.pl) mostly is not an air-conditioned place. It is enormously huge but again, with most windows sealed off. Only two special exhibition rooms have air-condition, so I came back again and again (one is the Chinese bronze vessels exhibition, which is quite nothing compared to the collection in Taipei). After seeing the museums for 1 hours, I felt more exhausted.

Originally, I planned to stay in Warsaw for 2 nights. Because the exhaustion in the second day, I had to take it slow and prolonged my stay for another night. Not that Warsaw is that beautiful or interesting that I wanted to stay longer, I told the people I met in the youth hostel. I was just tired.

Warsaw is actually an interesting city to visit. It is definitely not very beautiful (the most beautiful city in Poland will always be Krakow). Its old town is small and looks fake (all the old town was destroyed in world war II, so the current "old town" was rebuilt after the War and merely 50 something old). But there are some interesting museums to visit. The third day I was there. I went to the relatively new (opened in 2004) Warsaw Uprising Museum (www.1944.pl). The whole museum is dedicated to the heroic and tragic (they failed eventually) uprising against Nazi regime in 1944. The exhibition is quite inspiring and part of it, touching. Of course, one of the great things about the museum is: it is air-conditioned.

The most famous building in Warsaw is actually built after the WWII - the Stalinist style "wedding cake" Palace of Culture and Science. It is an enormous building right in the center of Warsaw's central business. I can see it from the windows of Oki Doki Hostel actually. After the communism fell in Poland, this building still serves its purposes for cultural activities. However, its kinoteca (cinema) now features movies from Hollywood. I saw the huge banner of the upcoming attraction "Garfield: The Tales of Two Kittes" hanging high up at the entrance. Poland has definitely long left its communism past behind.

If they can put air-condition in their national museum....



Downloadable "In Your Pocket: Warsaw" Guide